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Compare Bolivia (2001) - Sao Tome and Principe (2002)

Compare Bolivia (2001) z Sao Tome and Principe (2002)

 Bolivia (2001)Sao Tome and Principe (2002)
 BoliviaSao Tome and Principe
Administrative divisions 9 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, Beni, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija 2 provinces; Principe, Sao Tome


note: Principe has had self-government since 29 April 1995
Age structure 0-14 years:
38.46% (male 1,626,698; female 1,565,748)

15-64 years:
57.07% (male 2,315,098; female 2,421,987)

65 years and over:
4.47% (male 166,986; female 203,946) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 47.7% (male 41,159; female 40,125)


15-64 years: 48.3% (male 39,701; female 42,586)


65 years and over: 4% (male 3,115; female 3,686) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber cocoa, coconuts, palm kernels, copra, cinnamon, pepper, coffee, bananas, papayas, beans; poultry; fish
Airports 1,093 (2000 est.) 2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
13

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
1,080

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
65

914 to 1,523 m:
212

under 914 m:
800 (2000 est.)
-
Area total:
1,098,580 sq km

land:
1,084,390 sq km

water:
14,190 sq km
total: 1,001 sq km


land: 1,001 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than three times the size of Montana more than five times the size of Washington, DC
Background Bolivia, named after independence fighter Simon BOLIVAR, broke away from Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent history has consisted of a series of nearly 200 coups and counter-coups. Comparatively democratic civilian rule was established in the 1980s, but leaders have faced difficult problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, and drug production. Current goals include attracting foreign investment, strengthening the educational system, continuing the privatization program, and waging an anti-corruption campaign. Discovered and claimed by Portugal in the late 15th century, the islands' sugar-based economy gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century - all grown with plantation slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. Although independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s. The first free elections were held in 1991.
Birth rate 27.27 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 42.3 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$2.7 billion

expenditures:
$2.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998)
revenues: $58 million


expenditures: $114 million, including capital expenditures of $54 million
Capital La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Sao Tome
Climate varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 209 km
Constitution 2 February 1967; revised in August 1994 approved March 1990; effective 10 September 1990
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Bolivia

conventional short form:
Bolivia

local long form:
Republica de Bolivia

local short form:
Bolivia
conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe


conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe


local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe


local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
Currency boliviano (BOB) dobra (STD)
Death rate 8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.32 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $6.6 billion (2000) $253.8 million (2000) (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador V. Manuel ROCHA

embassy:
Avenida Arce 2780, San Jorge, La Paz

mailing address:
P. O. Box 425, La Paz; APO AA 34032

telephone:
[591] (2) 432254

FAX:
[591] (2) 433854
the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the Ambassador to Gabon is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe on a nonresident basis and makes periodic visits to the islands
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Marlene FERNANDEZ del Granado

chancery:
3014 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 483-4410

FAX:
[1] (202) 328-3712

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles, Miami, New York, and San Francisco
Sao Tome and Principe does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a Permanent Mission to the UN, headed by First Secretary Domingos Augusto FERREIRA, located at 400 Park Avenue, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10022, telephone [1] (212) 317-0580
Disputes - international has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Chile over Rio Lauca water rights none
Economic aid - recipient $588 million (1997) $200 million in December 2000 under the HIPC program
Economy - overview Bolivia, long one of the poorest and least developed Latin American countries, has made considerable progress toward the development of a market-oriented economy. Successes under President SANCHEZ DE LOZADA (1993-97) included the signing of a free trade agreement with Mexico and joining the Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur), as well as the privatization of the state airline, telephone company, railroad, electric power company, and oil company. His successor, Hugo BANZER Suarez has tried to further improve the country's investment climate with an anticorruption campaign. Growth slowed in 1999, in part due to tight government budget policies, which limited needed appropriations for anti-poverty programs, and the fallout from the Asian financial crisis. In 2000, major civil disturbances in April, and again in September and October, held down overall growth to 2.5%. This small poor island economy has become increasingly dependent on cocoa since independence 26 years ago. However, cocoa production has substantially declined because of drought and mismanagement. The resulting shortage of cocoa for export has created a persistent balance-of-payments problem. Sao Tome has to import all fuels, most manufactured goods, consumer goods, and a substantial amount of food. Over the years, it has been unable to service its external debt and has had to depend on concessional aid and debt rescheduling. Sao Tome benefited from $200 million in debt relief in December 2000 under the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. Sao Tome's success in implementing structural reforms has been rewarded by international donors, who have pledged increased assistance in 2001. Considerable potential exists for development of a tourist industry, and the government has taken steps to expand facilities in recent years. The government also has attempted to reduce price controls and subsidies. Sao Tome is also optimistic that substantial petroleum discoveries are forthcoming in its territorial waters in the oil-rich waters of the Gulf of Guinea. Corruption scandals continue to weaken the economy.
Electricity - consumption 3.377 billion kWh (1999) 15.81 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 4 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 10 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 3.625 billion kWh (1999) 17 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
56.61%

hydro:
41.6%

nuclear:
0%

other:
1.79% (1999)
fossil fuel: 41%


hydro: 59%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Rio Paraguay 90 m

highest point:
Nevado Sajama 6,542 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
Environment - current issues the clearing of land for agricultural purposes and the international demand for tropical timber are contributing to deforestation; soil erosion from overgrazing and poor cultivation methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used for drinking and irrigation deforestation; soil erosion and exhaustion
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Quechua 30%, Aymara 25%, mestizo (mixed white and Amerindian ancestry) 30%, white 15% mestico, angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), forros (descendants of freed slaves), servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cape Verde), tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese)
Exchange rates bolivianos per US dollar - 6.4071 (January 2001), 6.1835 (2000), 5.8124 (1999), 5.5101 (1998), 5.2543 (1997), 5.0746 (1996) dobras per US dollar - 9,009.1 (December 2001), 8,842.1 (2001), 7,978.2 (2000), 7,119.0 (1999), 6,883.2 (1998), 4,552.5 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August 1997); Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Hugo BANZER Suarez (since 6 August 1997); Vice President Jorge Fernando QUIROGA Ramirez (since 6 August 1997); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held May or June 2002)

election results:
Hugo BANZER Suarez elected president; percent of vote - Hugo BANZER Suarez (ADN) 22%; Jaime PAZ Zamora (MIR) 17%, Juan Carlos DURAN (MNR) 18%, Ivo KULJIS (UCS) 16%, Remedios LOZA (CONDEPA) 17%; no candidate received a majority of the popular vote; Hugo BANZER Suarez won a congressional runoff election on 5 August 1997 after forming a "megacoalition" with MIR, UCS, CONDEPA, NFR, and PDC
chief of state: President Fradique DE MENEZES (since 3 September 2001)


head of government: Prime Minister Maria das NEVES (since 7 October 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the proposal of the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 29 July 2001 (next to be held NA July 2006); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president


election results: Fradique DE MENEZES elected president in Sao Tome's third multiparty presidential election; percent of vote - NA%
Exports $1.26 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $4.1 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities soybeans, natural gas, zinc, gold, wood cocoa 90%, copra, coffee, palm oil
Exports - partners UK 16%, US 12%, Peru 11%, Argentina 10%, Colombia 7% (1998) Portugal 33.3%, Netherlands 8.3%, Spain 8.3% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $20.9 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $189 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
16%

industry:
31%

services:
53% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 25%


industry: 10%


services: 65% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,600 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,200 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.5% (2000 est.) 4% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 17 00 S, 65 00 W 1 00 N, 7 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru the smallest country in Africa; the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes and both are fairly mountainous
Highways total:
49,400 km

paved:
2,500 km (including 30 km of expressways)

unpaved:
46,900 km (1996)
total: 320 km


paved: 218 km


unpaved: 102 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
2.3%

highest 10%:
31.7% (1990)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru, a distant second) with an estimated 14,600 hectares under cultivation in 2000, a 33% decrease in overall cultivation of coca from 1999 levels; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported to or through Colombia, Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to the US and other international drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs have slashed illicit coca cultivation during the BANZER administration beginning in 1997 -
Imports $1.86 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $40 million f.o.b. (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities capital goods, raw materials and semi-manufactures, chemicals, petroleum, food machinery and electrical equipment, food products, petroleum products
Imports - partners US 32%, Japan 24%, Brazil 12%, Argentina 12%, Chile 7%, Peru 4%, Germany 3%, other 6% (1998) Portugal 43%, France 15.7%, UK 13.7% (1999)
Independence 6 August 1825 (from Spain) 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Industrial production growth rate 4% (1995 est.) NA%
Industries mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber
Infant mortality rate 58.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 47.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.4% (2000 est.) 7% (2001 est.)
International organization participation CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 9 (2000) 1 (2002)
Irrigated land 1,750 sq km (1993 est.) 100 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges appointed for 10-year terms by National Congress); District Courts (one in each department); provincial and local courts (to try minor cases) Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the National Assembly)
Labor force 2.5 million NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% population mainly engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing


note: shortages of skilled workers
Land boundaries total:
6,743 km

border countries:
Argentina 832 km, Brazil 3,400 km, Chile 861 km, Paraguay 750 km, Peru 900 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
24%

forests and woodland:
53%

other:
21% (1993 est.)
arable land: 2%


permanent crops: 41%


other: 57% (1998 est.)
Languages Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara (official) Portuguese (official)
Legal system based on Spanish law and Napoleonic Code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on Portuguese legal system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (27 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms; note - some members are drawn from party lists, thus not directly elected)

elections:
Chamber of Senators and Chamber of Deputies - last held 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA June 2002)

election results:
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 11, MIR 7, MNR 4, CONDEPA 3, UCS 2; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADN 32, MNR 26, MIR 23, UCS 21, CONDEPA 19, MBL 5, IU 4
unicameral National Assembly or Assembleia Nacional (55 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 3 March 2002 (next to be held NA March 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - MLSTP 39.6%, Force for Change Democratic Movement 39.4%, Ue-Kedadji coalition 16.2%; seats by party - MLSTP 24, Force for Change Democratic Movement 23, Ue-Kedadji coalition 8
Life expectancy at birth total population:
64.06 years

male:
61.53 years

female:
66.72 years (2001 est.)
total population: 65.93 years


male: 64.47 years


female: 67.45 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
83.1%

male:
90.5%

female:
76% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79.3%


male: 85%


female: 62% (1991 est.)
Location Central South America, southwest of Brazil Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon
Map references South America Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
42 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 141,017 GRT/211,058 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 5, cargo 20, chemical tanker 3, container 1, petroleum tanker 10, roll on/roll off 3 (2000 est.)
total: 41 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 169,991 GRT/245,996 DWT


ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 23, chemical tanker 1, container 3, livestock carrier 1, petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 2, specialized tanker 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Egypt 1, Greece 1, Kenya 1, Portugal 1, Syria 1, Turkey 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Army (Ejercito Boliviano), Navy (Fuerza Naval Boliviana, includes Marines), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Boliviana), National Police Force (Policia Nacional de Bolivia) Army, Navy, Security Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $147 million (FY99) $400,000 (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY99) 0.8% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,005,660 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 35,524 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,306,452 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 18,727 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 19 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
90,120 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 6 August (1825) Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Nationality noun:
Bolivian(s)

adjective:
Bolivian
noun: Sao Tomean(s)


adjective: Sao Tomean
Natural hazards flooding in the northeast (March-April) NA
Natural resources tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower fish, hydropower
Net migration rate -1.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -3.15 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,800 km; petroleum products 580 km; natural gas 1,495 km -
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [leader NA]; Civic Solidarity Union or UCS [Johnny FERNANDEZ]; Conscience of the Fatherland or CONDEPA [Remedios LOZA Alvarado]; Free Bolivia Movement or MBL [Antonio ARANIBAR]; Movement of the Revolutionary Left or MIR [Jaime PAZ Zamora]; Nationalist Democratic Action or ADN [Hugo BANZER Suarez]; Nationalist Revolutionary Movement or MNR [Gonzalo SANCHEZ DE LOZADA]; New Republican Force or NFR [leader NA]; Pachacuti Indigenous Movement [Filipe QUISPE]; United Left or IU [Marcos DOMIC]

note:
the ADN, MIR, and UCS comprise the ruling coalition
Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement [leader NA]; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition [leader NA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Cocalero Groups; indigenous organizations; labor unions NA
Population 8,300,463 (July 2001 est.) 170,372 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (1999 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.76% (2001 est.) 3.18% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none; however, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay Santo Antonio, Sao Tome
Radio broadcast stations AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999) AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002)
Radios 5.25 million (1997) 38,000 (1997)
Railways total:
3,691 km (single track)

narrow gauge:
3,652 km 1.000-m gauge; 39 km 0.760-m gauge (13 km electrified) (1995)
0 km
Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) Christian 80% (Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh-Day Adventist)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.82 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single) 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly

domestic:
primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: adequate facilities


domestic: minimal system


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 327,600 (1996) 4,600 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 116,000 (1997) 6,942 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 48 (1997) 2 (2002)
Terrain rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin volcanic, mountainous
Total fertility rate 3.51 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.95 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 11.4% (1997)

note:
widespread underemployment
NA%
Waterways 10,000 km (commercially navigable) none
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